glucocorticoid function glucose

Endocrinology. 1976;230:163–70. J Biol Chem. Like AA, Chick WL. 1993;92:2283–90. Printen JA, Brady MJ, Saltiel AR. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Giorgino F, Almahfouz A, Goodyear LJ, Smith RJ. pp 99-126 | Glucocorticoids bind to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (GR). doi: Barbour LA, Shao J, Qiao L, Leitner W, Anderson M, Friedman JE, Draznin B. 2005;67:259–84. Role of glucocorticoids in the physiopathology of excessive fat deposition and insulin resistance. Activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene retinoic acid response element is dependent on a retinoic acid receptor/coregulator complex. Biochem J. Science. Mol Endocrinol. Biochem J. Annu Rev Biochem. Acute stimulation by glucocorticoids of gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate in isolated hepatocytes from normal and adrenalectomized rats. 2007;21:550–63. Dexamethasone counteracts the effect of prolactin on islet function: implications for islet regulation in late pregnancy. 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Glucocorticoid. doi: Molusky MM, Li S, Ma D, Yu L, Lin JD. Mol Endocrinol. PLoS One. doi: Lemaigre FP, Lause P, Rousseau GG. 2012;153:631–46. Among the most common ones are: Cortisone: a … 2002;51:2113–8. Mol Endocrinol. Weinhaus AJ, Bhagroo NV, Brelje TC, Sorenson RL. J Biol Chem. Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. Endocr Rev. doi: Dinneen S, Alzaid A, Miles J, Rizza R. Metabolic effects of the nocturnal rise in cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism in normal humans. J Biol Chem. Overall, the major glucocorticoid effect on glucose homeostasis is to preserve plasma glucose for brain during stress, as transiently raising blood glucose is important to promote maximal brain function. Glucocorticoids inhibit glucose transport in cultured hippocampal neurons and glia. doi: Stark R, Guebre-Egziabher F, Zhao X, Feriod C, Dong J, Alves TC, Ioja S, Pongratz RL, Bhanot S, Roden M, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Kibbey RG. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Pancreatic beta cell replication induced by glucocorticoids in subhuman primates. Chavez JA, Summers SA. Physiol Rev. Lactate and alanine are converted to pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria and is then converted to OAA by enzyme PC. Monogr Endocrinol. 2006;55:2392–7. Blood Cancer J. In liver, glucocorticoids increase glycogen storage, whereas in skeletal muscle they play a permissive role for catecholamine-induced glycogenolysis and/or inhibit insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Human placental growth hormone increases expression of the p85 regulatory unit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and triggers severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 1998;12:1343–54. They also cause mobilization and redistribution of fats in the body. J Biol Chem. 1996;120:139–46. Glucocorticoid (GC) therapies may adversely cause insulin resistance (IR) that lead to a compensatory hyperinsulinemia due to insulin hypersecretion. Not logged in The stimulation of glycogen synthesis and of glycogen synthetase in the liver by glucocorticoids. Redox Rep. 2011;16:173–80. doi: Andrews RC, Walker BR. 2011;1:e3. Hepatic nuclear factor 3 is an accessory factor required for the stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription by glucocorticoids. 2012;28:560–73. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor function via phosphorylation. Nature. 1997;82:3251–9. Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene family. doi: 10.1530/JOE-14-0373. doi: Arinze IJ, Garber AJ, Hanson RW. J Biol Chem. 2013;339:819–23. Menon RK, Sperling MA. Diabetes. Use of the stable transfection approach to locate an insulin responsive sequence. 2005;26:147–70. 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Overall, the major glucocorticoid effect on glucose homeostasis is to preserve plasma glucose for brain during stress, as transiently raising blood glucose is important to promote maximal brain function. Fasting augmentation index (24.9 ± 2.7 vs 22.6 ± 2.6%; P = .04) and reactive hyperemia index (2.3 ± 0.2 vs 2.0 ± 0.2; P = 0.04) were lower on the higher glucocorticoid dose, with no significant difference in the post-glucose load changes in these variables. Semin Perinatol. Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Inhibition by insulin of glucocorticoid-induced gene transcription: involvement of the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and independence from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Mohd Azmi NAS, Juliana N, Azmani S, Mohd Effendy N, Abu IF, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Das S. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Binding sites for various regulatory and transcription factors are shown in the, Models of glucocorticoid-regulated insulin action. Function. Insulin release after acute hydrocortisone treatment in mice. Effects of glucocorticoids and exercise on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes development. Bazuine M, Carlotti F, Tafrechi RS, Hoeben RC, Maassen JA. Glucocorticoids fail to cause insulin resistance in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Biochem J. Ruzzin J, Wagman AS, Jensen J. Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles: defects in insulin signalling and the effects of a selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor. doi: Everett LJ, Lazar MA. 1979;12:517–33. The increased β -cell function is associated with increased insulin signaling that has the protein kinase B (AKT) substrate with 160 kDa (AS160) as an important downstream AKT effector. The adaptive compensations in endocrine pancreas from glucocorticoid-treated rats are reversible after the interruption of treatment. 2003;284:E855–62. 2008;10:43–9. Eur J Endocrinol. Insulin receptor substrate proteins and diabetes. 1993;91:2020–30. Diabetes. 2010;5:e15188. Molecular physiology of the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. J Biol Chem. doi: Fransson L, Franzen S, Rosengren V, Wolbert P, Sjoholm A, Ortsater H. beta-Cell adaptation in a mouse model of glucocorticoid-induced metabolic syndrome. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Glucocorticoid Signaling The regulation of gluconeogenesis in mammalian liver. 2004;1024:86–101. The disposal of an oral glucose load in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Cheng SC, Cheng RH. 2021 Feb 1;13(2):193. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020193. 2003;369:17–22. Mol Cell Endocrinol. Imai E, Stromstedt PE, Quinn PG, Carlstedt-Duke J, Gustafsson JA, Granner DK. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Biochem J. 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Impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production in mice lacking the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 in liver. 2013;62:1064–73. Mol Cell Endocrinol. A block in epinephrine-induced glycogenolysis in hearts from adrenalectomized rats. The molecular mechanisms and the physiological effects of glucocorticoids have been extensively studied. J Biol Chem. 1973;52:2774–82. 2010;92 Suppl 1:77–81. 1988;57:755–83. doi: Ogawa A, Johnson JH, Ohneda M, McAllister CT, Inman L, Alam T, Unger RH. Stafford JM, Waltner-Law M, Granner DK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Stalmans W, Laloux M. Glucocorticoids and hepatic glycogen metabolism. 1997;273:E315–20. Loss of function of glucocorticoid receptor in the brain and fat and its impact on physiology. 2002;109:141–9. ... and bariatric surgery is linked to reduced glucocorticoid secretion and function, possibly through the recovery of insulin sensitivity and function of insulin sensitivity proteins. doi: Rafacho A, Abrantes JL, Ribeiro DL, Paula FM, Pinto ME, Boschero AC, Bosqueiro JR. Morphofunctional alterations in endocrine pancreas of short- and long-term dexamethasone-treated rats. Binding sites for various regulatory and…, Models of glucocorticoid-regulated insulin action.…, Models of glucocorticoid-regulated insulin action. 2009;25:250–8. A role for mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem. Mol Cell Biol. Effects of dexamethasone on glucose transport by skeletal muscles of obese (ob/ob) mice. Glucocorticoids increase the blood glucose level by two mechanisms, it promotes the process of breakdown of proteins in extrahepatic cells, and it inhibits the uptake of glucose by cells, so they have an anti-insulin effect also. 1995;270:15501–6. Glucocorticoid effects on glucose homeostasis.…, Glucocorticoid effects on glucose homeostasis. The role of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. 1998;273:27320–4. Biochimie. 1999;96:513–23. Hormonal regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. 2005;54:1090–9. Acta Physiol. doi: Cantley LC. 1999;13:604–18. 1995;149–150:95–101. Glucocorticoids also regulate glycogen metabolism. Cell Physiol Biochem. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites. Diabetes Metab. 1991;1092:129–37. doi: Mali P, Yang L, Esvelt KM, Aach J, Guell M, DiCarlo JE, Norville JE, Church GM. 1979;12:535–46. doi: Jinek M, East A, Cheng A, Lin S, Ma E, Doudna J. RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells. doi: Yang H, Wang H, Jaenisch R. Generating genetically modified mice using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. 2010;107:912–7. Scott DK, Mitchell JA, Granner DK. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Zhang K, Li L, Qi Y, Zhu X, Gan B, DePinho RA, Averitt T, Guo S. Hepatic suppression of Foxo1 and Foxo3 causes hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia in mice. 1990;4:1302–10. 1990;249:533–7. In summary glucocorticoid overexposure may alter fetal development by altering, in part, placental development and function. In myotubes, glucocorticoids (GC) decrease the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and the expression of IRS1. Cherian AK, Briski KP. 1990;52:57–64. This function is likely to reside in a second 11β-HSD isoform. The final product, glucose, is produced in the ER by enzyme G6PC. Effects on Metabolism. 2001;40:5747–56. Interaction of glucocorticoids with glucagon and epinephrine in the control of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver and of lipolysis in adipose tissue. 1974;75:329–48. Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and diurnal glucose metabolism through 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1. doi: Stafford JM, Wilkinson JC, Beechem JM, Granner DK. J Biol Chem. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. The effects of cortisol on glucose homeo-stasis in…, Gluconeogenic pathway in hepatocytes. 1997;275:1475–8. Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright A rapid, extensive, and transient transcriptional response to estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells. Methylation of histone H3 by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1. 2007;6:208–16. Liao J, Barthel A, Nakatani K, Roth RA. Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase. Khan A, Ostenson CG, Berggren PO, Efendic S. Glucocorticoid increases glucose cycling and inhibits insulin release in pancreatic islets of ob/ob mice. Am J Physiol. J Biol Chem. The orphan receptor COUP-TF binds to a third glucocorticoid accessory factor element within the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. 1992;54:885–909. Through malate-aspartate shuttle, OAA exits the mitochondria to form PEP. In this chapter we will discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying different aspects of glucocorticoid-regulated mammalian glucose homeostasis. Epub 2013 Mar 21. de Oliveira C, de Mattos AB, Biz C, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CM. The molecular basis of the hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase system. 2012;61:513–23. 2021 Jan 14;18(2):676. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020676. doi: Avram D, Ranta F, Hennige AM, Berchtold S, Hopp S, Haring HU, Lang F, Ullrich S. IGF-1 protects against dexamethasone-induced cell death in insulin secreting INS-1 cells independent of AKT/PKB phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. Per2 Brdm1 mice (n = 10) are protected from glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance (red) compared with WT mice (n = 6) (blue) (mean ± SEM; P = 0.0574 at 15 min, P = 0.002 at 30 min). Hazlehurst JM, Gathercole LL, Nasiri M, Armstrong MJ, Borrows S, Yu J, Wagenmakers AJ, Stewart PM, Tomlinson JW. Gluconeogenesis is accomplished chiefly in the liver. Asensio C, Muzzin P, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Arch Biol Med Exp. glucose output via its regulatory function for the promoter activity of gluconeogenic enzyme genes. 2010;91:56–63. Endocrinology. Delaunay F, Khan A, Cintra A, Davani B, Ling ZC, Andersson A, Ostenson CG, Gustafsson J, Efendic S, Okret S. Pancreatic beta cells are important targets for the diabetogenic effects of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid receptors are a type of receptors on the outside of cells that transmit signals from glucocorticoids, such as cortisol.Poor glucocorticoid receptor function due to chronic stress and high CRH can lead to cortisol resistance, possibly increasing inflammation, autoimmunity, and weight gain. Effect of glucose deprivation on the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor and some related factors in ERN1-knockdown U87 glioma cells. 2011 Jan 18;10:11. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-11. Metabolic and Energy Imbalance in Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease. Glucocorticoids also regulate glycogen metabolism. Oncogene. Neuroendocrinology. Targeted deletion of GR in various cell types of the brain as well as in adipocytes has illuminated our understanding of the impact of GR on adaptive physiology and behavior 23–25. J Nutr Metab. Biochem J. GC also increase the expression of Pik3r1, which results in decreased activity of Akt and p70 S6 kinase (S6K). doi: Renga B, Mencarelli A, D’Amore C, Cipriani S, Baldelli F, Zampella A, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S. Glucocorticoid receptor mediates the gluconeogenic activity of the farnesoid X receptor in the fasting condition. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! In this chapter we will discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying different aspects of glucocorticoid-regulated mammalian glucose homeostasis. Consistently, inhibition of GR expression by agonists for nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) results in an amelioration of the diabetic phenotype in obese, db/db mice [57]. Yu CY, Mayba O, Lee JV, Tran J, Harris C, Speed TP, Wang JC. The glucose-6-phosphatase system. Morgan SA, Sherlock M, Gathercole LL, Lavery GG, Lenaghan C, Bujalska IJ, Laber D, Yu A, Convey G, Mayers R, Hegyi K, Sethi JK, Stewart PM, Smith DM, Tomlinson JW. doi: Miller TB, Exton JH, Park CR. 2013;2:e00471. Ray PD, Foster DO, Lardy HA. Mol Cell Endocrinol. Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1. 2001;413:131–8. 1993;268:5353–6. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates glucocorticoid-, saturated-fat-, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. 2005;54:2351–9. The side-effects vary from person to person based on the prescribed dose of glucocorticoids, the way it is administered (cream, tablets or injection), and the length of time a person takes the drug. doi: Bernal-Mizrachi C, Weng S, Feng C, Finck BN, Knutsen RH, Leone TC, Coleman T, Mecham RP, Kelly DP, Semenkovich CF. Increased p85/55/50 expression and decreased phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol. Identification and characterization of the second retinoic acid response element in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter.

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